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pl:dydaktyka:dss:rules:intro [2017/11/28 14:05] msl [Download] |
pl:dydaktyka:dss:rules:intro [2019/06/27 15:50] (aktualna) |
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| ===== Download ===== | ===== Download ===== | ||
| - | Please download the following files containg simple knowledge bases about a family: | + | Please download the following files containing simple knowledge bases about a family: |
| * CLIPS file: {{ :pl:dydaktyka:dss:rules:family_en.clp.zip |}} | * CLIPS file: {{ :pl:dydaktyka:dss:rules:family_en.clp.zip |}} | ||
| * Prolog file: {{ :pl:dydaktyka:dss:rules:family_en.pl |}} | * Prolog file: {{ :pl:dydaktyka:dss:rules:family_en.pl |}} | ||
| - | * Manual for CLIPS: [[http://clipsrules.sourceforge.net/documentation/v630/bpg.htm|version online]] | + | * Manual for CLIPS: {{:pl:dydaktyka:rules:lab:labs:bpg.pdf|Basic Programming Guide}}, [[http://clipsrules.sourceforge.net/OnlineDocs.html|version online]] |
| ===== Knowledge Bases ===== | ===== Knowledge Bases ===== | ||
| Linia 18: | Linia 18: | ||
| Defining deffacts: initial-facts | Defining deffacts: initial-facts | ||
| Defining defrule: child +j | Defining defrule: child +j | ||
| - | TRUE </ code> The ** TRUE ** is the most important part of this feedback. If ** FALSE ** appears, it means that loading failed. | + | TRUE </code> The ** TRUE ** is the most important part of this feedback. If ** FALSE ** appears, it means that loading failed. |
| * Prolog: <code> [family]. </code> The succesful loading should display something similar to: <code> | * Prolog: <code> [family]. </code> The succesful loading should display something similar to: <code> | ||
| % family compiled 0.01 sec, 9,232 bytes | % family compiled 0.01 sec, 9,232 bytes | ||
| Linia 94: | Linia 94: | ||
| * This rule will cause the inference to omit the childless couples. In order to define the proper notion of **marriage**, KB would have to be supplemented with additional facts (what facts?) | * This rule will cause the inference to omit the childless couples. In order to define the proper notion of **marriage**, KB would have to be supplemented with additional facts (what facts?) | ||
| - | === 5.1.3. Siblings === | + | === 5.1.3. Other === |
| Knowing that the concepts **brother** is defined as follow: | Knowing that the concepts **brother** is defined as follow: | ||
| * CLIPS: <code> | * CLIPS: <code> | ||
| Linia 107: | Linia 107: | ||
| siblings(X, Y), | siblings(X, Y), | ||
| man(X).</code> | man(X).</code> | ||
| - | Define two additional rules: | + | Define the following rules: |
| - | * "siblings(X, Y)" --- two different people with a common parent | + | * siblings(X,Y) --- two different people with a common parent; |
| - | * "sister(X,Y)" | + | * tip: ** (test (neq ?x ?y)) ** checks inequality of variables. |
| + | * question: why do you have to use ** test ** keyword? | ||
| + | * sister(X,Y) | ||
| + | * grandfather(X,Y) | ||
| + | * grandmother(X,Y) | ||
| + | * grandparent(X,Y) --- tip: use ** OR ** | ||
| + | * cousins(X,Y) --- two different people with a common grandparent. You can check this rule in Prolog with a query: <code>cousins(X,Y), parent(R,X), parent(R, Y)</code>, it should return **false** | ||
| + | * remember: siblings are not cousins! | ||
| + | * aunt(X,Y) and uncle(X,Y) in terms of sister, brother and parent. | ||
| + | * half-orphan(X) --- a person with only one parent. TIP: celina is the only half-orphan in the KB | ||
| + | * widow(X) (and widower(X)) --- assume that all the single-parents are single because of the spouse's death. TIP: tobiasz is the only widower in the KB, there are no widows. In CLIPS you may check results of the following rule: <code> | ||
| + | (defrule widower | ||
| + | ... | ||
| + | => | ||
| + | (assert (widower ?x)) | ||
| + | (printout t ?x " is widower" crlf) | ||
| + | )</code>. Do you get the expected result? | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== 6. Tracking the execution of the program ===== | ||
| + | Since CLIPS doesn't correctly find the widowers, it is necessary to track the execution of the program: | ||
| + | |||
| + | === 6.1. Tracking the facts ===== | ||
| + | Allows you to track operations on facts: add, delete, change of the value. | ||
| + | - In the first step, we will start observing the **widower** rule to see what triggers it: <code> (watch rules widower) </code> | ||
| + | - We reset the fact base: <code> (reset) </code> | ||
| + | - Restart the inference: <code> (run) </code> | ||
| + | - Now we see the triggers and indexes of facts from which we started. | ||
| + | - Now check which fact triggered the inference: <code>(facts)</code> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===== 6.2. Rule tracking ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Allows tracking of rules: firing, activation. | ||
| + | - Because we did learn nothing interesting tracing the fact, we will follow the **widow** rule and all the rules it depends on: **parent**, **marriage**: <code> | ||
| + | (unwatch all) | ||
| + | (watch rules marriage widow parent) | ||
| + | </code> | ||
| + | - Now we reset the fact base: <code> (reset) </code> | ||
| + | - Restart the inference: <code> (run) </code> | ||
| + | - What is the reason behind the malfunction of the **widower** rule? | ||
| + | - How can we fix it? | ||
| + | |||
| + | === 6.3. Tracking in Prolog ===== | ||
| + | Prolog allows you to follow the program. To do so, you set the so-called. trace point. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Trace points: | ||
| + | * ''trace/0'' - sets the trace point on all predicates, eg: | ||
| + | <code> | ||
| + | ?- trace, woman(K), parent(K, _). | ||
| + | </code> | ||
| + | * **trace/1** - sets the trace point at the indicated predicate, | ||
| + | * **trace/2** - modifies trace point of the specific events (call, redo, exit, fail), eg: | ||
| + | * remove the trace point from the specified predicate //something/1// <code> trace(something/1, -all) </code> | ||
| + | * set a trace point tracking only calls to the specified predicates //something// of arbitrary arity. <code>trace(something, call +)</code> | ||
| + | * Predicate ''debugging/0'' lists all the set trace points. | ||
| + | * The ''debug/0'' predicate activates debug mode. | ||
| + | * Predicate ''nodebug/0'' disactivates debug mode. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Check following code: | ||
| + | <code> | ||
| + | ?- trace(parent). | ||
| + | [debug] ?- trace(mother). | ||
| + | [debug] ?- trace(father) | ||
| + | [debug] ?- parent(dariusz, tomasz). | ||
| + | [debug] ?- nodebug. | ||
| + | </code> | ||
