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pl:dydaktyka:semweb:lab-xml [2019/06/27 15:50] (aktualna) |
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| + | ====== eXtensible Markup Language (XML) ====== | ||
| + | ===== Before the lab ===== | ||
| + | Reading: | ||
| + | * [[http://www.w3schools.com/xml/xml_whatis.asp|XML]] | ||
| + | * [[http://www.w3schools.com/dtd/default.asp|DTD]] | ||
| + | * [[http://www.w3schools.com/schema/default.asp|XSD]] | ||
| + | * [[http://www.w3schools.com/xpath/default.asp|XPath]] | ||
| + | * [[http://www.w3schools.com/xml/xml_xsl.asp|XSL]] | ||
| + | * [[#if_you_want_to_know_more|If you want to know more...]] | ||
| + | ===== Introduction ===== | ||
| + | Lectures: | ||
| + | * {{http://home.agh.edu.pl/~wta/semweb/geist-semweb-uri.pdf|Semantic Web: 1.5 - Unicode and URI}} | ||
| + | * {{http://home.agh.edu.pl/~wta/semweb/geist-semweb-xml.pdf|Semantic Web: 2 - XML}} | ||
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| + | ===== Lab instructions ===== | ||
| + | |||
| + | The lab is divided into sections. You should allow aprox. 10 minutes for each section. | ||
| + | However, note that the tasks are increasingly difficult and latter sections may be more time-consuming than the former ones. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== - Warm-up: Well-formedness of the XML ==== | ||
| + | 8-) Determine which of the following XML documents is well-formed. If a document is well-formed, | ||
| + | show its corresponding tree model. If it is not well-formed, explain why not. You may assume that all | ||
| + | of these documents are intended to be XML 1.0 documents, and thus the declaration is not needed. | ||
| + | |||
| + | //NOTE: Assume that the prolog of the documents is present and the following lines are the body of the document//.\\ | ||
| + | <code> | ||
| + | - <a><b/><a> | ||
| + | - <a><b>foo</b></a><a>bar</a> | ||
| + | - <a><b>foo</b><b>bar</a> | ||
| + | - <a><b><c>foo</b>bar</c></a> | ||
| + | - <a/><b>foo</b><b>bar<b> | ||
| + | - <a><b><c>foo</c>baz<c>bar</c></b></a> | ||
| + | - <a x="1" X="2"><b>foo</b></a> | ||
| + | - <a x="1"><b x="2">foo</b></a> | ||
| + | - <a x="1" y="2" x="3"><b>foo</b></a> | ||
| + | - <a><b x="3"><c y="1">foo</c><c>bar</c></b></a> | ||
| + | </code> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== - Creating XML document ==== | ||
| + | 8-) Modify the code below to describe the best book from your bookshelf: | ||
| + | |||
| + | <code xml> | ||
| + | <book> | ||
| + | <author>Grigoris Antoniou</author> | ||
| + | <author>Frank van Harmelen</author> | ||
| + | <title>A Semantic Web Primer</title> | ||
| + | <date>2008-10-09</date> | ||
| + | <publisher>The MIT Press</publisher> | ||
| + | </book> | ||
| + | </code> | ||
| + | |||
| + | * You can modify the markup and hierarchy. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== - DTD ==== | ||
| + | * Using a text editor, define a [[http://www.w3schools.com/dtd/default.asp|DTD]] definition for your XML syntax. Put it in the report 8-) | ||
| + | * You can define DTD definition inside XML file: \\ <code> | ||
| + | <?xml version="1.0" ?> | ||
| + | <!DOCTYPE root [ | ||
| + | ]> | ||
| + | XML content | ||
| + | </code> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== - Validating XML with DTD ==== | ||
| + | * Test your XML against defined DTD using [[http://www.xmlvalidation.com/index.php|online validator]] - **it requires embedded DTD**. \\ or | ||
| + | * You can also test your XML using //xmlstarlet// command: \\ Testing xml file against external DTD definition file use:<code> | ||
| + | xmlstarlet val -e -d file.dtd file.xml | ||
| + | </code>or when you use embeded DTD definition use:<code> | ||
| + | xmlstarlet val -e -E file.xml | ||
| + | </code> | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ==== - XSD ==== | ||
| + | * Using a text editor, define an [[http://www.w3schools.com/schema/default.asp|XSD]] definition for your XML syntax. Put it in the report 8-) | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== - Validating XML with XSD ==== | ||
| + | * Test your XML against defined XSD using: | ||
| + | * using //xmlstarlet// command:<code> | ||
| + | xmlstarlet val -e -s file.xsd file.xml | ||
| + | </code> \\ or | ||
| + | * [[http://tools.decisionsoft.com/schemaValidate|XSD online validator]] \\ or | ||
| + | * [[http://www.xmlme.com/Validator.aspx|XML Schema Validator]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== - XPath ==== | ||
| + | * Go to the [[http://www.xmlme.com/XpathTool.aspx|XPath Tool]] | ||
| + | * Paste your XML code in the prepared tesxtfield | ||
| + | * Build and test the XPathc for the following: | ||
| + | * find the lastnames of all students, | ||
| + | * find all lastnames of members from a given group, | ||
| + | * find an address of the second member from a given group, | ||
| + | * find all the cities of all members, | ||
| + | * find all the students which are older/younger than a given age, | ||
| + | * find a lastname of your group leader. | ||
| + | * Put the queries in the report 8-) | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==== - XSLT: XML -> HTML ==== | ||
| + | * Go to the W3Schools' [[http://www.w3schools.com/xsl/tryxslt.asp?xmlfile=cdcatalog&xsltfile=cdcatalog|online XSLT editor]]. | ||
| + | * Paste your XML code in the left textarea | ||
| + | * Modify the XSLT code in the right text area to display your data in a table. Make experiments. | ||
| + | ===== Control questions ===== | ||
| + | * What are the required elements of XML file? | ||
| + | * What is an empty element? | ||
| + | * Does the XML have any predefined tags? | ||
| + | * How to define a comment? | ||
| + | * Is the XML platform dependent? | ||
| + | * What is a CDATA section in XML file? | ||
| + | * What is the meaning of the colon within tag name? | ||
| + | * What is the DTD? | ||
| + | * What is the XSD? | ||
| + | * Which language (DTD or XSD) is more expressive? | ||
| + | * What is the XPath? | ||
| + | * Does the XPath allow for nested queries? | ||
| + | * What is XSLT for? | ||
| + | * How does the XSLT work? | ||
| + | ===== If you want to know more ===== | ||
| + | * [[http://www.w3.org|www.w3.org]] | ||
| + | * [[http://validator.w3.org|validator.w3.org]] | ||
| + | * [[http://www.xml.org|www.xml.org]] | ||
| + | * [[http://www.xml.com|www.xml.com]] | ||
| + | * [[http://xml.coverpages.org|xml.coverpages.org]] | ||
| + | * [[http://www.w3schools.com/|www.w3schools.com]] | ||
| + | * [[http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/xml|www.ibm.com/developerworks/xml]] | ||
| + | * [[http://xml.oreilly.com/xml|xml.oreilly.com]] | ||
| + | * [[http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Main_Page|Mozilla Developer Center]] | ||
| + | * xml schemas: [[http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/x-schematips/?ca=dgr-lnxw07x-schematips&S_TACT=105AGX59&S_CMP=GRsitelnxw07|Ten XML schemas you should know]] | ||
| + | * CSS: [[http://meyerweb.com/eric/css/|Eric Meyer]] | ||
