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pl:miw:piw08_hekateonto [2008/06/30 15:18] ikaf |
pl:miw:piw08_hekateonto [2019/06/27 15:50] (aktualna) |
* [[http://oxygen.informatik.tu-cottbus.de/rewerse-i1/?q=ERDF|ERDF]] | * [[http://oxygen.informatik.tu-cottbus.de/rewerse-i1/?q=ERDF|ERDF]] |
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co to jest [[wp>datalog]]... | -------- |
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| co to jest [[wp>datalog]]... \\ |
| (język reguł i zapytań dla dedukcyjnych baz danych, składnia podzbiorem Prologu. W przeciwieństwie do Prologu: |
| * nie dopuszcza złożonych termów jako argumentów predykatów |
| * narzuca pewne ograniczenia na użycie negacji i rekurencji |
| * nie dopuszcza "wolnych" zmiennych - zmienna w następniku reguły musi wystąpić w nie zanegowanej klauzuli poprzednika |
| Ponadto w datalogu kolejność klauzul nie ma znaczenia dla wyniku zapytania.) |
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business rules orchestration | business rules orchestration |
[[http://www.w3.org/2005/rules/wiki/SWC|RIF RDF and OWL Compatibility]] | [[http://www.w3.org/2005/rules/wiki/SWC|RIF RDF and OWL Compatibility]] |
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[[hekate:xtt|XTT desc proposal]] | [[hekate:xtt|XTT desc proposal]] ( |
| * Domain - discrete finite set of allowed attribute values a przedzialy dla wartosci atrybutow typu numeric? |
| * |
| )\\ |
[[http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/WebOnt/impls|OWL implementations]] | [[http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/WebOnt/impls|OWL implementations]] |
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A generalized attribute Ai is a function (or partial function) of the form\\ | A generalized attribute Ai is a function (or partial function) of the form\\ |
{{:pl:miw:atrybut-def2.png|:pl:miw:atrybut-def2.png}}\\ | {{:pl:miw:atrybut-def2.png|:pl:miw:atrybut-def2.png}}\\ |
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"RDF is based on the idea that the things being described have properties which have values, and that resources can be described by making statements that specify those properties and values. RDF uses a particular terminology for talking about the various parts of statements." (W3C RDF Primer) | "RDF is based on the idea that the things being described have properties which have values, and that resources can be described by making statements that specify those properties and values. RDF uses a particular terminology for talking about the various parts of statements." (W3C RDF Primer) |
**Attributes are represented in RDF in a form of RDF Triples (subject, predicate, object) where subject denote the resource being described, predicate indicate the name of the attribute and object points to the attribute (predicate) value.** RDF statements (triples) consist of subject, predicate and object which all are identified by URIs. | **Attributes are represented in RDF in a form of RDF Triples (subject, predicate, object) where subject denotes the resource being described, predicate indicates the name of the attribute and object points to the attribute (predicate) value.** RDF statements (triples) consist of subject, predicate and object which all are identified by URIs. |
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^ Part of an RDF triple ^ Can be ^ | ^ Part of an RDF triple ^ Can be ^ |
* URI references, blank node identifiers and variable that appear in the object position are expressed as values of the attributes rdf:resource, rdf:nodeID and rdf:variable respectively: <code xml> <ex:denotationOf f:resource="#Grigoris"/> </code> | * URI references, blank node identifiers and variable that appear in the object position are expressed as values of the attributes rdf:resource, rdf:nodeID and rdf:variable respectively: <code xml> <ex:denotationOf f:resource="#Grigoris"/> </code> |
* literals that appear in the subject position are expressed as the text content of the corresponding subelement | * literals that appear in the subject position are expressed as the text content of the corresponding subelement |
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:?: Czy relacje typu: subclassOf, subpropertyOf to tez atrybuty, czy atrybutami są tylko "pola klasy"? :-| \\ \\ | :?: Czy relacje typu: subclassOf, subpropertyOf to tez atrybuty, czy atrybutami są tylko "pola klasy"? :-| \\ \\ |
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Attribute represetation is based on RDF/XML syntax. \\ \\ | Describing OWL ontologies one can use ''rdf'', ''rdfs'' and ''owl'' vocabulary.\\ \\ |
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== The examples below show how to represent attributes regarding the hierarchy of classes and membership of instaces. == | == Representing attributes regarding the taxonomy== |
__Sample (and incomplete) definition of a class__ | __Sample (and incomplete) definition of a class__ |
<code xml> | <code xml> |
Properties let us assert general facts about the members of classes and specific facts about individuals. A property is a binary relation. \\ | Properties let us assert general facts about the members of classes and specific facts about individuals. A property is a binary relation. \\ |
There are two types of properties in OWL: | There are two types of properties in OWL: |
* datatype properties, relations between instances of classes and RDF literals and XML Schema datatypes | * datatype properties, relations between instances of classes and RDF literals and XML Schema datatypes [[http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#term_datatype|Properties and Datatypes]] |
* **object properties**, relations between instances of two classes. | * object properties, relations between instances of two classes. |
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| Defining property restrictions: |
| * one can specify the domain and range |
| <code xml> |
| <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="madeFromGrape"> |
| <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Wine"/> |
| <rdfs:range rdf:resource="#WineGrape"/> |
| </owl:ObjectProperty> |
| </code> |
| (In OWL, a sequence of elements without an explicit operator represents an implicit conjunction. The property madeFromGrape has a domain of Wine and a range of WineGrape. That is, it relates instances of the class Wine to instances of the class WineGrape. Multiple domains mean that the domain of the property is the intersection of the identified classes (and similarly for range).) |
| * The property can be defined to be a specialization (subproperty) of an existing property using ''rdfs:subPropertyOf'' |
| <code xml> |
| <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="hasWineDescriptor"> |
| <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Wine" /> |
| <rdfs:range rdf:resource="#WineDescriptor" /> |
| </owl:ObjectProperty> |
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| <owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="hasColor"> |
| <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource="#hasWineDescriptor" /> |
| <rdfs:range rdf:resource="#WineColor" /> |
| ... |
| </owl:ObjectProperty> |
| </code> |
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| * It is possible to specify property characteristics, which provides a powerful mechanism for enhanced reasoning about a property. Properties can be: |
| * transitive |
| * symmetric |
| * functional |
| * inverse |
| * inverse functional |
| See: [[http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/#PropertyCharacteristics|Property characteristics]] for details. |
| * One can add further restrictions using ''owl:allValuesFrom'', ''owl:someValuesFrom'', ''owl:cardinality'', ''owl:hasValue'' |
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| == Representing equivalence == |
| Using attributes ''equivalentClass'', ''equivalentProperty'', ''sameAs'' one can define equivalence of classes, properties and individuals. |
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====== Sprawozdanie ====== | ====== Sprawozdanie ====== |
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[[http://gigapedia.org/items/51325/logical-foundations-for-rule-based-systems--studies-in-computational-intelligence---studies-in-computational-intelligence-|A.Ligęza - Logical Foundations for Rule-Based Systems]] \\ | [[http://gigapedia.org/items/51325/logical-foundations-for-rule-based-systems--studies-in-computational-intelligence---studies-in-computational-intelligence-|A.Ligęza - Logical Foundations for Rule-Based Systems]] \\ |
http://oxygen.informatik.tu-cottbus.de/IT/Research/ERDF-JAIR-2008.pdf\\ | http://oxygen.informatik.tu-cottbus.de/IT/Research/ERDF-JAIR-2008.pdf\\ |
| http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-guide-20040210/\\ |
| http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-owl-features-20040210/\\ |